The Effects Of Charging Juveniles Of Adults - 1689 Words

Reyna Lujan Steven Philbrick CRIJ-1301-032 October 22, 2015 Term Paper On the fateful day of July 28, 1999, six year old Tiffany Eunick was beaten to death by a 6 foot tall and 160 pound Lionel Tate. The autopsy report showed that Tate reportedly stomped on Eunick so hard her liver was lacerated, and the young girl sustained multiple bone fractures so severe that she was pronounced dead at the hospital hours later. Tate was controversially convicted of felony murder and thus sentenced to life in prison with no possibility of parole. Now why was this sentence so controversial? Because Lionel Tate was only twelve years old at the time of the murder. How do we determine mental competence of someone whose brain is still developing? How could someone who has not even finished puberty possibly understand the sever implications of such a brutal crime? How can we possibly try a juvenile as an adult when juveniles are proven to have diminished impulse control? This paper will discuss the history of charging juveniles of adults, discuss the issues that make this practice wrong while negating opposing arguments, and explain the various consequences that come with charging juvenile offenders as adults. When the United States was first established as an independent country, there was no such thing as â€Å"family court† or even the juvenile justice system. Therefore everybody was charged and treated as adults if a crime were committed, and juvenile offenders were always sent to adultShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Crimes And Crime Rates1478 Words   |  6 Pagesshort and relaxed sentences. Who are these criminals you might ask, and what makes them so special? Good morning___ and welcome to _____. So I will tell you who they are, they are people like you and me, juveniles under the age of 18 who commit atrocious adult crimes but are still tried in juvenile courts. They not only get off with shortened sentences but when released are given new identities to start a new life where no one knows what they previously have committed. They continue to live theirRead MoreThe Role Of Parens Patriae Within The Criminal Justice System873 Words   |  4 Pagescorresponds with the shaping of juvenile justice. Throughout history, the Criminal Justice System seldom focused on the understanding of the relationship between children and criminal responsibility and the special needs of juveniles. Despite of age, juveniles were often overlooked and were typically processed and subject to the similar punishments as adults. Consequently, juveniles placed in the same facilities as adults who committed heinous crimes were often influenced by adult criminals to engage in futureRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency And Its Effect On Schools Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Juvenile delinquency appears to be increasing daily and this increase has impacted schools, communities and the government. Several years ago, gang violence was the driving force in delinquency and specifically targeted certain groups. More heinous crimes are being committed by youth under the age of 18. The problem continues about where to place the youth based on the crime and also considering their age. The mirroring of delinquency has been perceived by others who are challengedRead MoreChildren Charged As Adults : Justice Or Not? Essay1840 Words   |  8 PagesChildren Charged as Adults: Justice or Not? Gina Picketts Kellogg Community College Abstract In the film 15 to Life: Kenneth’s Story by Nadine Pequeneza the account of Kenneth Young appealing his sentence of four life terms without the possibility of parole is detailed. Young was only 15 years-old when he was charged as an adult for armed robbery and sentenced to life behind bars. Why is it okay for the justice system to charge adolescents as adults? As a nation we can’t logically expect childrenRead MoreJuveniles Being Tried as Adults1328 Words   |  6 Pagesidea of a juvenile or teenager being tried as an adult has been a very controversial issue. When a juvenile commits a very heinous crime, many believe that that youth deserves to be tried as an adult, and given a full sentence. Some even believe that these juveniles deserve to go to adult prison. When a child kills, does he instantly become an adult? Or does he maintain some trappings of childhood, despite the gravity of his actions? (Reaves Para 1). What draws the line between a juvenile and adultRea d More Death Penalty Applied to Juveniles Essay1684 Words   |  7 PagesDeath Penalty Applied to Juveniles   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1643 a sixteen year old boy was put to death for sodomizing a cow. Three hundred and fifty years later, sixteen states have legitimized the execution of juveniles. Four of those twelve states have lowered the legal age of execution to twelve. For whatever reasons the death penalty has been supported by the public since this countrys existence. In this day and age of increasing violence, both juvenile and adult, it is time to re-examine the use Read MoreJuveniles Getting Adult Jail Sentences: A Persuasive Essay1526 Words   |  6 PagesJuveniles getting Adult Jail Sentences Should juveniles get adult jail sentences? In todays society juvenile offenders are facing the law to full force, in two court systems. Not only are they tried in the juvenile justice system, but also charged as adults. The issue of charging juveniles as adults has stirred various views owing to the violent crimes committed by the young offenders. Politicians comment that the best solution is to lock up juvenile offenders for a long time and ignore rehabilitationRead MoreEssay on Juveniles in Adult Prisons1612 Words   |  7 PagesJuveniles in Adult Prisons A deep look into juveniles in adult prisons. Touch bases on several smaller issues that contribute to juveniles being in and effects of adult prisons. The United States Bureau of Prisons handles two hundred and thirty-nine juveniles and their average age is seventeen. Execution of juveniles, The United States is one of only six countries to execute juveniles. There are sixty-eight juveniles sitting on death row for crimes committed as juveniles. Forty-three ofRead MoreThe Law Should Not Treat Kids And Adults Differently2309 Words   |  10 PagesDorish Nguyen Professor Chichester English 015 11 April 2016 The Law Should Not Treat Kids and Adults Differently â€Å"If convicted, Leuchtner faces up to 16 years in prison.† This was almost as many years as I had known Lincoln Leuchtner. From kindergarten to the time he dropped out of high school, we had always attended the same school, and I watched him as he grew up. Lincoln was always a troubled child; he often acted out inappropriately and often lacked respect for those around him. When it cameRead MoreThe Legal Before 18?3888 Words   |  16 Pagesagree that being grown means that you pay your own bills, have a job, and don’t live under your parents roofs. But most people agree that if you are eighteen then you are legally grown and an adult. However we still have a system that gives prosecutors the unchechecked authority to push children into the adult system. In our court system injustices are treated very differently based on a multitude of things like race, sex, etc. I am taking a stance on things based on older people fully having wisdom

Earvin Johnson is Magic on the Basketball Court - 1795 Words

Earvin â€Å"Magic† Johnson is known to be one of the greatest athletes on and off the court. This is showcased in his autobiography, My Life, which follows Johnson’s life mostly through the 80s and early 90s. The 1980s is known to many people as NBA’s best decade. This era featured a combination of the best style of basketball, as well as some of the greatest players of all time. Magic Johnson headlined this elite group of players. Because of the immense amount of talent in the game at this time period, basketball was emerging as a big part of a lot of people’s lives. Basketball was growing in popularity and was becoming one of America’s favorite sports to watch. Magic Johnson only made this sport that more exciting. Also, in the late 80s and early 90s, the HIV virus was a topic of much uncertainty and fear to the world (Layman). Basketball served to be a great source of entertainment to keep the disease off of people’s minds, and to root fo r something. When Magic Johnson actually announced that he had the virus, the world learned more about the disease and admired Johnson for his braveness. This incredible announcement showed the world that there is hope for this terrible virus. Through this event, Johnson displayed what a great human being he really is. Magic Johnson is displayed to be this great person, hard-working athlete, and very confident in his autobiography, My Life. Jonathan Rowe, a critic of the book, writes, â€Å"He came across as a dedicated athlete and a good fellow†Show MoreRelatedHIV Came with Harsh Stereotypes and Discrimination for Many Including Magic Johnson1552 Words   |  6 Pagespoint guards in basketball was dominating the sport: Earvin â€Å"Magic† Johnson. Throughout his career Johnson gained three Most Valuable Player (MVP) awards and was admitted into the Basketball Hall of Fame (â€Å"Magic Johnson†). However, on November 7, 1991, Johnson announced his diagnosis of HIV and his retirement from the National Basketball Association (NBA). Following this abrupt and unexpected event, Johnson became one of the leading figures in the fight against AIDS. The Magic Johnson Foundation wasRead MoreEarvin Magic Johnson: A Brief Biography702 Words   |  3 PagesEarvin Magic Johnson Earvin Magic Johnson Jr. was born on August 14, 1959 in Lansing, Michigan. This is such a significant day in the history of basketball, because it is the day that arguably the greatest point guard in the history of basketball was born. He changed the game of basketball since he was so dominant with this big size and his amazing passes that would set up his teammates so efficiently. He is one of the greatest basketball players to play basketball and has set the most unbreakableRead MoreSummary Of Magic Johnson And Larry Bird1066 Words   |  5 PagesThe National Basketball Association (NBA) has transformed over the many of years as an organization and a brand, into a multibillion-dollar business that draws thousands and thousands of fans to each and every game. Many contributing factors have made the NBA what it is today, but the main cause of this gain in interest is the ultimate rivalry between two remarkable players, Earvin â€Å"Magic† Johnson and Larry â€Å"the Legendà ¢â‚¬  Bird. The battling rivalry amongst these individuals is comparable to the feudRead MoreNotes : Bird Vs. Magic862 Words   |  4 PagesBird vs. Magic One unknown to the game of basketball will assume Michael Jordan changed the game, or at least the one who made the game famous. However, before the ‘Gifted MJ’ there was one of the greatest rivalries in basketball, which raised television ratings, ergo, helped make the sport prominent. Magic Johnson and Larry bird’s rivalry was a sight to see. Magic and Bird’s contribution to basketball varies, their training techniques and personal life has led both of them to make phenomenal sportRead MoreWorld Class Athletes : The Best Athlete Of The 20th Century1725 Words   |  7 Pagesmissed more than 9,000 shots in my career. I ve lost almost 300 games. Twenty-six times, I ve been trusted to take the game winning shot and missed. I ve failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed.† Magic Johnson is known for changing basketball by being the tallest point guard to play the game. Also being the first NBA player to come out with AIDS. He is now a successful entrepreneur. George Foreman is one of the most decorated boxers that have ever stepped in a ringRead MoreBasketball : The Greatest Sports Around Today1114 Words   |  5 PagesBasketball is one of the greatest sports around today. It was created in 1891 by a man named James Naismith who was born in Canada but moved to the United States to work as a professor, physical education teacher, and coach in Springfield Massachusetts. Springfield has some long, cold winters. On one of these days the team could not go out to practice so he created a game to condition his team. This game Naismith named basketball. When Naismith first designed basketball a net and a metal rim wereRead MoreEssay about The Winner Within688 Words   |  3 Pagesplayers and what it takes to be a successful team. Each chapter is based on one subject, and that subject is one of the many things that a team needs to be successful. Pat Riley shares his game plan for team players in all of life, not just on the court. All of the strategies in this book are very inspiring and motivate teamwork. I think that the first chapter in the book, ‘The Innocent Climb’, is one of the most important concepts you have to have on a team. The innocent climb is the surge thatRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : A Growing Community Service Initiative Within Professional Sports2157 Words   |  9 Pagesworldwide, but especially local to the communities in which the leagues’ teams reside in. This paper will analyze events beginning in 2004 to the present day in 2016 on how the National Basketball Associati on (NBA) uses community service and volunteerism to simultaneously help the local community as well as promote the basketball league, thirty teams, and hundreds of players that represent the organization in a positive image. The NBA has been one of the top sports organizations in the United States sinceRead MoreThe Life Of Larry Bird1332 Words   |  6 Pagesparticularly in basketball. Basketball has always been a fast-paced, exciting game to watch. The sport has even been nationally televised for decades. The game has gained special popularity because of its superstars. National Basketball Association (NBA) superstars are recognized by many as the most recognizable pro athletes. Larry Bird was one of the most famous stars of the league, and his popularity greatly increased the publics’ interest in the league. Larry Bird’s fame and basketball success wasRead More The Dream Team Era Essay example2087 Words   |  9 Pagesfeatured eleven of the NBA’s best players. Names like Michael Jordan, Earvin â€Å"Magic† Johnson, and Larry Bird headlined the games and the play of Scottie Pippen and â€Å"Sir† Charles Barkley stole the show. After only eight games, the world of USA basketball would never be the same. Since 1992 two more teams called themselves the â€Å"Dream Team† and two were simply labeled as â€Å"Team USA† but one thing is for certain, International basketball has taken a step in the right direction thanks in part to the NBA and

Cross-Cultural Approaches to Leadership Development

Question: Evaluate the factors which should be taken into account when managing such a culturally diverse and geographically dispersed team such as this. Prioritise the factors which should be considered when deciding the type of individual, in terms of experience, skills and competencies, who should be appointed as the manager of this team. Given the nature of this team, compare and contrast the approaches and styles of leadership that would be most effective in ensuring the successful delivery of this project. Answer: Introduction: Cross Cultural leadership is a term that helps to identify and recognize the diversity of the schools and also of the leaders those who are associated with the social, ethnic, linguistic and other cultural groups as well and such groups may act as representatives of the entire body that is working on behalf of the company as a whole. Cross cultural leadership makes an attempt to understand that how the individuals of various related cultures interact with each other. Along these lines cross cultural leadership has developed in a unique way so that it is able to understand that how the leaders work effectively and efficiently in a new globalized market. In todays world the international organizations need such type of leaders those who work in the newly globalized market. Todays international organizations require leaders who can work and adjust with different environments and adapt to changes quickly. It is expected that the leaders can work along with the managers as well as employe es of other cultures as well. It is assumed that if a manager is successful in one country then he is successful in another country as well. There is strong evidence that the majority of minority students (linguistic, ethnic, class, and socio-economic) do not perform as well in our schools as their peers from more middle-class, traditional backgrounds (Berliner Biddle, 1995). Less is known about the roles, personal educational experiences, and philosophies of educational leaders who are successful in cross-cultural situations. This study will begin to fill that gap. Cross-cultural leaders must understand how culture operates at different levels. At one level, individuals are shaped by their ethnic, racial, religious and national backgrounds. At another, they are influenced by the standards, ideals, beliefs, values and experience of their teams. And at yet another level, they are shaped by the culture of their organization. Culture is complex and multifaceted and today's leaders must confidently and competently manage across cultural borders. For this they need a new kind of intelligence - cultural intelligence has been i ntroduced. The Glug Plc is a company that planned to expand its business operation and so it initiated a large project management team that has staffs of over 50 who hailed from different geographical location with different types of management skill. The project success relied on the coordination between the culturally different staffs from diverse location. They will potentially be in touch with through the emails and the video conferences. There are chances of difficulty when the project manager would try to coordinate with the staff that are of diverse and dispersed in nature. So it is suggested that cross cultural leadership is the main aspect through which the multi-disciplinary, international team can be managed. Importance of cross cultural leadership: In the 21st century, many companies operate in international markets and leadership has to deal with the cross-cultural differences. Most researchers and practitioners are saying that the leader of tomorrow is someone who can jump across boundaries and disciplines and analyze cultural differences in global.The leaders have to learn how to get along with the employees and leading a good team of different cultural backgrounds. And some researchers have been predicting that globalization, increased technology and changing demographics would create new challenges for leaders who must manage in a diverse workforce. All of those factors have increased the possibly that workers are from various nationalities, different culture backgrounds and a variety of religions will be required to work together. There are two kinds of understanding of cross-cultural leadership. One is from the point of view of the organization to understand the cross-cultural leadership, cross-cultural leadership is the leader in the implementation of an organization constituted by the staff of different nationalities, different values and different cultural backgrounds to guide and coordinate the behavior. From this perspective, cross-cultural leadership is present in among the multinational and transnational organizations. In addition, an understanding from the perspective of cultural exchange and cultural changes, the cross-cultural leadership as to adapt to a new wave of globalization and services worldwide wave of cultural leadership activities. From this perspective, cross-cultural leadership is a unique phenomenon to test the ability of leaders is able to lead and adapt the cultural challenges. Because the cultural variances are knowledge so important for the multinational companies' leadership activities, it is significant for the leaders to develop good understanding about the key of different cultural variances (Rupp, 2011). Furthermore, nation's specific cultural attributes play an important role in determining the selection of leadership style. As offshore outsourcing shrinks boundaries between countries and makes the world a single marketplace, and as economies become more deeply interlinked, organizations are compelled to create global teams that are culturally diverse and geographically dispersed. Success lies in creating a collaborative, efficient and cost effective workforce by leveraging such Geographically Dispersed Teams (GDTs). GDTs are groups of people working across time, space and organizational boundaries, and communicating through complex webs of modern technology. The team members have complementary skills, the same set of objectives, common performance goals and are mutually accountable for achieving them. It is important for the Glug Plc that all the team members adjust to the team dynamics and create a synergy amongst them. Establishing processes, common values, a sense of urgency, trust and proper communication is critical for managing global teams. In this context, the project manager of the GDT must ensure some of the aspects of cross-culture leadership which are discussed below: 4 core aspects of managing offshore teams are: 1. People Management Interpersonal and people management skills assume considerable significance when managing virtual teams. Imparting proper training and dealing with initial glitches ensures smooth coordination. However, misunderstanding and miscommunications are bound to occur. Such situations call for greater effort to resolve coordination problems. The best approach is to address the root of the problem rather than the symptoms. To ensure smooth collaboration, Glug Plc must adequately facilitate GDTs as if they are in the same location (room, building or city) and like traditional teams, are able to engage in face-to-face meetings. Though technology makes it possible, face-to-face communication proves uneconomical, time consuming and often not feasible for diverse teams. The company in this regard has decided to acquaint the employees on a quarterly basis for discussing the progress of the projects. 2. Managing Cultural Diversity Members of GDTs are in different geographical locations across the world and exhibit cultural diversity, have varied backgrounds and speak different languages. Such work ecosystems can be challenging. They can create mixed feelings, avoidable tensions and problems, and create a kind of culture shock for the team members. As the Glug Plc has decided to transfers and relocate staffs from one geographical location to the other. This might create a problem of communication and a difference in the ideas and knowledge which might create a situation of disagreement within the workplace. the disagreement may lead to a fall in the productivity of these employees. So it is important for them to manage the cultural diversity among the employees. 3. Managing Geographical Diversity The phrase "out of sight, out of mind" applies to most cases of virtual team functioning. Vast distances and time zone differences contribute significantly to communication and trust issues. A few hours of time difference such as in neighboring cities, states or countries do not pose a major problem, but issues inflate multiple times when the differences are large-such as distant time zones of 8+ hours, holidays, work days as well as cultures. Actively managing such issues through rotating work hours and workdays, face-to-face meeting locations and establishing no-communication days, can minimize problems and burnout amongst team members. The Glug Plc has planned to interact and establish communication and coordination with the staffs that are located in different locations which might pose a difficult problem. The time difference in these international locations may make it difficult for the employees to communicate through the video conference as it might be difficult for an employee to attend a video conference in midnight when it is bright sunny day in other countries. This can create a communication dilemma and a drawback of the international project. 4. Managing Communication Managing modes of communication and language pose a huge challenge. For example, e-mail is the most common and popular form of conveying information and decision making. However, the verbosity and quantity of information included in an e-mail can be confusing for non-English speakers. Hence structuring communications is important, so that the team members interpret them correctly and take appropriate action. Devising a communication strategy is the key to addressing cultural diversity. Some key elements are face-to-face meetings at the start and during project execution; phone calls for one-on-one discussions; e-mails, instant messaging and conference calls (web, video etc.) for group meetings; conveying meeting agendas in advance as well as the context of issues and action items. The Glug Plc must consider the gap in the language of communication as the employees are from different cultural background. It is quite natural for them to communicate through their native language. The most common language is English through which official talks can be communicated but with the diversity in the work place can fetch the problem of communication with the native language of the respective place. Thus, there must be a communication programme that will help the employees to gain cultural knowledge. Factors which should be considered when deciding the type of individual: Employees who have the right attitude that translates to the best behavior are said to be the more competent. The concept of competency as a factor in recruitment, selection, hiring and employee performance evaluation has become very popular not only among HR practitioners but to the management echelons as well. Yet, in the more than three decades since it became a buzzword, still many are really unfamiliar with the details of the concept. More so with its appropriate application and utility. Competency is still equated or defined as skills, ability to perform, capacity, and knowledge. As such, the term has been used loosely. While it does not really matter much when used casually to mean physical and mental abilities, it does matter when used in job analysis to describe job requirements and performance standards. Competency takes more than skills and knowledge. It requires the right and appropriate attitude that eventually translates to behavior. For managers, competencies are vital if they want better performance in their employees. Whether during recruitment and selection phases or while already on board, competencies should be identified and studied. It should always be borne in mind that the competencies required of each job position differ from one another. In the job analysis and writing of job descriptions, quick guides can make the task easier. The following factors should be considered in determining the appropriate competencies: Level of Decision-Making, Responsibilities and Authorities. Level of Internal Personnel Inter-Action. Level of Customer Contact and Inter-Action. Level of Physical and Aptitude Skills and Knowledge. Many studies have been undertaken on the subject of job competency for managerial and supervisory positions, and they are one in categorizing and jumping them into: Administrative Competencies; Communication Competencies; Supervisory Competencies, and; Cognitive Competencies. These competencies were found to be the most important or vital for managerial and supervisory effectiveness. For the rank and file employees, the level of physical and aptitude competencies form the larger part in consideration. This is due to the lack or absence of decision making tasks that involve significant physical and manpower resources of the company. In many cases, their jobs entail routines, clerical and manual. Common to all jobs in the rank and file category are competencies that enhance inter-personal relationship, physical skills, and job knowledge. As one goes up the higher ladders of organizational positions, responsibilities widen in scope, authorities increase, and people management becomes more exacting. As a consequence, competencies will have to change or the mix of it will have to be altered in order to adjust to the requirements of the job. If an accounting clerk or a bookkeeper for example, is promoted to the position of an accounting supervisor, his competencies will have to be enhanced. Aside from maintaining his technical skill in computing and bookkeeping, he would need to be skilful in coaching, mentoring, scheduling of work, monitoring, appraising staff, and team building. The same goes true for a Finance Manager who is promoted as General Manager, where the competencies would require more of weighing risks and making decisions, setting goals and standards, plotting directions, leading the organization and inspiring the employees to excellence, rather than competencies in supervision, resource management and solv ing specific problems. In detail, these competencies would be the following: Administrative Competencies which involves "management of the job" and this includes more specifically: Management of Time and Priority Setting. Goals and Standards Setting. Work Planning and Scheduling. Communication Competencies that comprise of: Listening and Organizing. Clarity of Communication. Getting Objective Information. Supervisory or Building Teams Competencies that encompasses: Training, Mentoring and Delegating. Evaluating Employees and Performance. Advising and Disciplining. And, Cognitive Competencies which involve: Problem Identification and Solution. Assessing Risks and Decision-Making. Thinking Clearly and Analytically. Compare and contrast the approaches and styles of leadership essay: There are different ways in which leaders approach people to motivate them. If the approach emphasizes rewards, the leader uses positive leadership. If the approach emphasizes penalties, the leader is applying negative leadership. Negative leaders should be called bosses rather than leaders. There are three classes of supervisory techniques autocratic, participative or consultative and free-rein and corresponding to these three techniques, there are three management styles autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire. To these one more may be added-paternalistic style. Autocratic or Authoritarian leadership An autocratic leader centralizes power and decision-making in himself. He gives orders, assigns tasks and duties without consulting the employees. The leader takes full authority and assumes full responsibility. Autocratic leadership is based upon close supervision, clear-cut direction and commanding order of the superior. It facilitates quick decisions, prompt action and unity of direction. It depends on a lesser degree of delegation. But too much use of authority might result in strikes and industrial disputes. It is likely to produce frustration and retard the growth of the capacity of employees. The manager of the new international project of the Glug Plc must make sure that he must possess the skill of autocratic leadership in which it can impose authority over the staffs who are to commence the international project. But there are certain challenges to this type of leadership. This leadership style is less likely to be effective because (i) the new generation is more independent and less submissive and not amenable to rigid control; (ii) people look for ego satisfactions from their jobs and (iii) revolution of rising expectations changed the attitude of the people. Autocratic leadership quality in the project manager of the glug plc must ensure that he is manipulative towards the employee feels that they are participating in decision-making though the manager himself has taken the decision. McGregor labels this style as Theory X. Democratic or Participative leadership Participative or democratic leaders decentralize authority. It is characterized by consultation with the subordinates and their participation in the formulation of plans and policies. He encourages participation in decision-making. The manager of the international project must ensure that he encourages all the staffs to participate and share their skill, ideas and knowledge so that the manager is able to coordinate with the employees and make decisions as suitable. Advantages for democratic leadership are as follows: (i) higher motivation and improved morale; (ii) increased co-operation with the management; (iii) improved job performance; (iv) reduction of grievances and (v) reduction of absenteeism and employee turnover. The Laissez-faire or Free-rein leadership Free-rein leaders avoid power and responsibility. The laissez-faire or non-interfering type of leader passes on the responsibility for decision-making to his subordinates and takes a minimum of initiative in administration. He gives no direction and allows the group to establish its own goals and work out its own problems. The potential project manager of the Glug Plc must exercise free rein leadership or the laissez faire type leadership. In this regard the manager would not impose any decisions on the employees and that he should consider the suggestions and recommendations of all the employees and thereby formulate strategies. Paternalistic leadership Under this management style the leader assumes that his function is fatherly or paternal. Paternalism means papa knows best. The relationship between the leader and his group is the same as the relationship between the head of the family and the members of the family. The leader guides and protects his subordinates as members of his family. As the head of the family he provides his subordinates with good working conditions and fringe benefits. It is assumed that workers will work harder out of gratitude. This leadership style was admirably successful in Japan with her peculiar social background. The project manager of the Glug Plc must be like a paternalistic leadership which means that the manager must lead the employees with proper guidance and training so that the complex project on the international aspect can be commenced with efficiency. Conclusion: According to Service (2012) indicated that, the global venture problems occur because lack of leadership skills and knowledge in relating with the people in different culture backgrounds. Integration of technologies, nations, cultures, relationships, and interests continues to characterize the twenty-first century workplace. "Leading across cultures requires specific skills, and organizations should provide formal training along with expatriate assignments to develop leaders who can achieve results in this demanding environment". From the above analysis, in the 21st century, cause the globalization, the demand of cross-cultural leaders will be more and more, and for leaders of today's and tomorrow's businesses, the ability to connect people and leading successful teams in a cross-cultural environment is an important competency. The organizations need to become more effective when they are able to identify and foster the appropriate leader behaviors for the relevant cultural situation. The leader should know well about the difference of the culture background in order to avoid the culture conflict and leading more effectively. Recommendations: The project manager must acquire certain skills which need to be incorporated while maintaining the success of the international projects. Apart from the requirement of the project manager, there are several recommendations that need to be considered while managing the international team with diverse culture. The company Glug Plc must initiate a communication programme where the employees who meet after every three months are able to ease out their interaction level. The company can introduce language class where the employees can learn new languages of basic type so that they can at least communicate with the other employees or other stakeholders at a base level. The video conferencing must be done based on the work timings of each of the country so that each employee in other countries can participate in the conference. References: Derry, C., Roussillon, S. and Bournois, F. (2002).Cross-cultural approaches to leadership development. Westport, Conn.: Quorum Books. Fisher-Yoshida, B. and Geller, K. (2009).Transnational leadership development. New York: AMACOM. Frost, J. and Walker, M. (2007). Cross cultural leadership.Engineering Management, 17(3), pp.27-29. Goethals, G., Sorenson, G. and Burns, J. (2004).Encyclopedia of leadership. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. Harris, P., Moran, R. and Moran, S. (2004).Managing cultural differences. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann. Kaplan, M. (2004).Cultural ergonomics. Amsterdam: Elsevier JAI. Kessler, E. and Wong-MingJi, D. (2009).Cultural mythology and global leadership. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Kippenberger, T. (2002).Leadership styles. Oxford, U.K.: Capstone Pub. Lakshman, C. (2013). Biculturalism and attributional complexity: Cross-cultural leadership effectiveness.J Int Bus Stud, 44(9), pp.922-940. Livermore, D. (2010).Leading with cultural intelligence. New York: American Management Association. McCauley, C., Moxley, R. and Van Velsor, E. (1998).The Center for Creative Leadership handbook of leadership development. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Mittal, R. and Elias, S. (2013). Social Power and Cross-cultural Leadership: A Conceptual Exploration.Academy of Management Proceedings, 2013(1), pp.15106-15106. Mittal, R. and Elias, S. (2013). Social Power and Cross-cultural Leadership: A Conceptual Exploration.Academy of Management Proceedings, 2013(1), pp.15106-15106. Murata, F. (2013). Cross-cultural leadership for global construction projects.Proceedings of the ICE - Management, Procurement and Law, 166(5), pp.240-248. Murata, F. (2013). Cross-cultural leadership for global construction projects.Proceedings of the ICE - Management, Procurement and Law, 166(5), pp.240-248. Mustafa, G. and Lines, R. (2012). The triple role of values in culturally adapted leadership styles.International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 13(1), pp.23-46. Pisapia, J. and Pang, N. (2012). Influence actions of school principals in Hong Kong, Mainland China and the United States: a cross-cultural perspective.School Leadership Management, 33(1), pp.26-42. Pounder, J. (2008). Full-range Classroom Leadership: Implications for the Cross-organizational and Cross-cultural Applicability of the Transformational-transactional Paradigm.Leadership, 4(2), pp.115-135. Robertson, J. and Webber, C. (2000). Cross-cultural leadership development. J. of Leadership in Educ., 3(4), pp.315-330. Wang, Z. and Gagne, M. (2012). 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The Portuguese Sonnet, Sonnet 130 and The Glasgow Sonnet Essay Example For Students

The Portuguese Sonnet, Sonnet 130 and The Glasgow Sonnet Essay Sonnet 130 by William Shakespeare is all about love, but not in the usual sense. In this Sonnet Shakespeare speaks of his love in a manure not used by most poets. This sonnet isnt all roses and love hearts, his vision of love is more real, he describes his love exactly how she is, flawed. If snow be white why then her breasts are dull. In Shakespearian times women were supposed to have snow-white skin and breasts, but his love doesnt have white skin, her breasts are dull. Most poets wouldnt say this about their love, or even describe somebody in a poem like this, but Shakespeare did. As this is how he saw his love, with all of her physical flaws, but he still loved her. We will write a custom essay on The Portuguese Sonnet, Sonnet 130 and The Glasgow Sonnet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Another example of this is in some perfume there is more delight then in the breath that from my mistress reeks. This quotation means her breath isnt as sweet as perfume, but it reeks. This isnt something you would say to a lover, he was using it as a statement, that love isnt always with the most attractive person, but it is real. This idea is backed up by the final couplet. And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare as and she belied by false compare. His love was real, and with a real woman. The next sonnet, the Portuguese Sonnet by Elizabeth Barren Browning also talks about love, but from a different prospective again. The theme of this poem is not to fall in love for the sake of it, not for looks or money, but for the real person underneath. The poem also talks about not falling in love with somebody for pity, as those feelings would fade in time. The way this sonnet is written is more conversational then the Shakespearian sonnet as it uses ellipses, and sounds more personal and intimate. But there is a similarity between those 2 sonnets, they both talk about loving for the real inner person, which is quite unique in poetry. The third and final sonnet the Glasgow sonnet by Edwin Morgan is very different from the previous 2 sonnets, as it doesnt directly talk about love, but an area. It talks about a derelict area of Glasgow, and whats so bad about it. It talks about a mean wind, this gives an uncaring edge and also a feeling of nature which is carried out more throughout the sonnet when is talks about how roses of mould grow from ceiling to wall. Knowing the area used to be populated and urban, now it is empty we get the idea nature is reclaiming the land. It also says that the children still play there, when it says play-fortresses of brick and bric-a-brac spill out some ash, they appear to have reclaimed this desolate area for themselves to play in. We then hear 2 people still live there on the forth floor, a mother and daughter. They are called the last mistresses, which gives a grand image, but not here. We then get an image of the area as its rat infested and there is lots of urban decay. When we then go onto hear the kettle whimpers on a crazy hob we get the same effect as the mistress quotation. The idea of a kettle on a hob is quite homely, but here the kettle whimpers on a crazy hob, which brings us back to he urban decay of the area. Finally the poem talks about a homeless man with nothing, no job and smokes lying on his side on the floor. Air too poor to rob which shows the kind f urban decay the area is experiencing. It is a derelict place to be in, but it used to be a good place to be when it was all in working order. This makes me think, taking into account the themes of the previous 2 sonnets, that this is a metaphor for his heart, he used to be in love, when the area was good and working, but he has lost it now and his heart is derelict, like this area of Glasgow. .u03059f6c508705589e5875cc71f1ff69 , .u03059f6c508705589e5875cc71f1ff69 .postImageUrl , .u03059f6c508705589e5875cc71f1ff69 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u03059f6c508705589e5875cc71f1ff69 , .u03059f6c508705589e5875cc71f1ff69:hover , .u03059f6c508705589e5875cc71f1ff69:visited , .u03059f6c508705589e5875cc71f1ff69:active { border:0!important; } .u03059f6c508705589e5875cc71f1ff69 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u03059f6c508705589e5875cc71f1ff69 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u03059f6c508705589e5875cc71f1ff69:active , .u03059f6c508705589e5875cc71f1ff69:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u03059f6c508705589e5875cc71f1ff69 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u03059f6c508705589e5875cc71f1ff69 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u03059f6c508705589e5875cc71f1ff69 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u03059f6c508705589e5875cc71f1ff69 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u03059f6c508705589e5875cc71f1ff69:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u03059f6c508705589e5875cc71f1ff69 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u03059f6c508705589e5875cc71f1ff69 .u03059f6c508705589e5875cc71f1ff69-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u03059f6c508705589e5875cc71f1ff69:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Old English EssayEach of the sonnets are different as they were written in different time periods, and each has something different to say, but all on the same subject. After reading all 3 sonnets we come away with 3 different perspectives to love, and they show us a lot about each writers experiences and opinions of love.